Tag Archives: bash

Warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory

After a recent Ubuntu update, I get this error. What finally helped was putting to the file /etc/environment:

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

For some reason, it was missing. The outputs for locale and other commands appeared like the variables were properly defined. In other words, don’t take for granted all the basic stuff is declared where it should be declared.

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How to fix a locale setting warning from Perl and/or *nix bash?

Perl is sometime called by a *nix script and, after an update I get recently this warning message (in particular when I run apt or npm command):

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
	LANGUAGE = (unset),
	LC_ALL = (unset),
	LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
	LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

This can be fixed simply adding the following lines to your bashrc or bash_profile on the host machine:

export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
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How to kill all processes with a given (partial) name?

Usually I open more than on instance of tail -f to monitor my application, so, to kill all with one single command I can use this:

ps -ef | grep tail | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
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Linux: mow much RAM is used per program

The script is a very helpful to show how much RAM is used by single process. This script is written by Pádraig Brady, He can be contacted at P@draigBrady.com. The script itself follows:

#!/usr/bin/env python
 
# Try to determine how much RAM is currently being used per program.
# Note the per program, not per process. So for example this script
# will report mem used by all httpd process together. In detail it reports:
# sum(all RSS for process instances) + max(shared mem for any process instance)
#
# The shared calculation below will factor out shared text and
# libs etc. within a program, but not between programs. So there
# will always be some overestimation. This will be the same for
# all processes that just use libc for e.g. but more for others
# that use larger shared libs like gnome, kde etc.
 
# Author: P@draigBrady.com
 
# V1.0      06 Jul 2005    Initial release
# V1.1      11 Aug 2006    root permission required for accuracy
# V1.2      08 Nov 2006    Add total to output
#                          Use KiB,MiB,... for units rather than K,M,...
# V1.3      22 Nov 2006    Ignore shared col from /proc/$pid/statm for
#                          2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.9.
#                          There it represented the total file backed extent
# V1.4      23 Nov 2006    Remove total from output as it's meaningless
#                          (the shared values overlap with other programs).
#                          Display the shared column. This extra info is
#                          useful, especially as it overlaps between programs.
# V1.5      26 Mar 2007    Remove redundant recursion from human()
# V1.6      05 Jun 2007    Also report number of processes with a given name.
#                          Patch from riccardo.murri@gmail.com
 
# Notes:
#
# All interpreted programs where the interpreter is started
# by the shell or with env, will be merged to the interpreter
# (as that's what's given to exec). For e.g. all python programs
# starting with "#!/usr/bin/env python" will be grouped under python.
# You can change this by changing comm= to args= below but that will
# have the undesirable affect of splitting up programs started with
# differing parameters (for e.g. mingetty tty[1-6]).
#
# For 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.13 and later 2.4 redhat kernels
# (rmap vm without smaps) it can not be accurately determined how many pages
# are shared between processes in general or within a program in our case:
# http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/6/250
# A warning is printed if overestimation is possible.
# In addition for 2.6 kernels up to 2.6.9 inclusive, the shared
# value in /proc/$pid/statm is the total file-backed extent of a process.
# We ignore that, introducing more overestimation, again printing a warning.
#
# I don't take account of memory allocated for a program
# by other programs. For e.g. memory used in the X server for
# a program could be determined, but is not.
#
# This script assumes threads are already merged by ps
 
# TODO:
#
# use ps just to enumerate the pids and names
# so as to remove the race between reading rss and shared values
 
import sys, os, string
 
if os.geteuid() != 0:
    sys.stderr.write("Sorry, root permission required.\n");
    sys.exit(1)
 
PAGESIZE=os.sysconf("SC_PAGE_SIZE")/1024 #KiB
our_pid=os.getpid()
 
#(major,minor,release)
def kernel_ver():
    kv=open("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease").readline().split(".")[:3]
    for char in "-_":
        kv[2]=kv[2].split(char)[0]
    return (int(kv[0]), int(kv[1]), int(kv[2]))
 
kv=kernel_ver()
 
def getShared(pid):
    if os.path.exists("/proc/"+str(pid)+"/smaps"):
        shared_lines=[line
                      for line in open("/proc/"+str(pid)+"/smaps").readlines()
                      if line.find("Shared")!=-1]
        return sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in shared_lines])
    elif (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):
        return 0 #lots of overestimation, but what can we do?
    else:
        return int(open("/proc/"+str(pid)+"/statm").readline().split()[2])*PAGESIZE
 
cmds={}
shareds={}
count={}
for line in os.popen("ps -e -o rss=,pid=,comm=").readlines():
    size, pid, cmd = map(string.strip,line.strip().split(None,2))
    if int(pid) == our_pid:
        continue #no point counting this process
    try:
        shared=getShared(pid)
    except:
        continue #ps gone away
    if shareds.get(cmd):
        if shareds[cmd] < shared:
            shareds[cmd]=shared
    else:
        shareds[cmd]=shared
    #Note shared is always a subset of rss (trs is not always)
    cmds[cmd]=cmds.setdefault(cmd,0)+int(size)-shared
    if count.has_key(cmd):
      count[cmd] += 1
    else:
      count[cmd] = 1
 
#Add max shared mem for each program
for cmd in cmds.keys():
    cmds[cmd]=cmds[cmd]+shareds[cmd]
 
sort_list = cmds.items()
sort_list.sort(lambda x,y:cmp(x[1],y[1]))
sort_list=filter(lambda x:x[1],sort_list) #get rid of zero sized processes (kernel threads)
 
#The following matches "du -h" output
#see also human.py
def human(num, power="Ki"):
    powers=["Ki","Mi","Gi","Ti"]
    while num >= 1000: #4 digits
        num /= 1024.0
        power=powers[powers.index(power)+1]
    return "%.1f %s" % (num,power)
 
def cmd_with_count(cmd, count):
    if count>1:
      return "%s (%u)" % (cmd, count)
    else:
      return cmd
print " Private  +  Shared  =  RAM used\tProgram \n"
for cmd in sort_list:
    print "%8sB + %8sB = %8sB\t%s" % (human(cmd[1]-shareds[cmd[0]]), human(shareds[cmd[0]]), human(cmd[1]),
                                      cmd_with_count(cmd[0], count[cmd[0]]))
print "\n Private  +  Shared  =  RAM used\tProgram \n"
 
#Warn of possible inaccuracies
#1 = accurate
#0 = some shared mem not reported
#-1= all shared mem not reported
def shared_val_accurate():
    """http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/TopSharedMemoryBug"""
    if kv[:2] == (2,4):
        if open("/proc/meminfo").read().find("Inact_") == -1:
            return 1
        return 0
    elif kv[:2] == (2,6):
        if os.path.exists("/proc/"+str(os.getpid())+"/smaps"):
            return 1
        if (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):
            return -1
        return 0
    else:
        return 1
 
vm_accuracy = shared_val_accurate()
if vm_accuracy == -1:
    sys.stderr.write("Warning: Shared memory is not reported by this system.\n")
    sys.stderr.write("Values reported will be too large.\n")
elif vm_accuracy == 0:
    sys.stderr.write("Warning: Shared memory is not reported accurately by this system.\n")
    sys.stderr.write("Values reported could be too large.\n")
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